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The impact of sustainability criteria on the costs and potentials of bioenergy production

Biomass can be used as a renewable (green or CO2 neutral) energy source, locally and readily available in large parts of the world. Many studies have been carried out that quantify the potential of the world to produce bioenergy (e.g. (Leemans et al. 1996; Fischer et al. 2001a; Hoogwijk et al. 2004; Smeets et al. 2004a, b). Results indicate that various world regions are in theory capable of producing significant amounts of bioenergy crops without endangering food supply or further deforestation.