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BioKDF Recent Documents

This page shows all documents that have been recently posted the Bioenergy KDF.

Using a Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Estimate the Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Bioenergy
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool that may be used to quantify the environmental impacts of products and services. It includes all processes, from cradle-to-grave, along the supply chain of the product. When analysing energy systems, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (...
Understanding the Developing Cellulosic Biofuels Industry through Dynamic Modeling
Biofuels are promoted in the United States through aggressive legislation, as one part of an overall strategy to lessen dependence on imported energy as well as to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (Office of the Biomass Program and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2008). For example...
Organization: NREL
Authors: Emily Newes, Daniel Inman, Brian Bush
An Overview of the Biomass Scenario Model
This paper describes the current Biomass Scenario Model (BSM) as of August 2013, a system dynamics model developed under the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The model is the result of a multi-year project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). It is a tool designed to...
Organization: NREL
Authors: Peterson, Steve
Bioenergy - U.S. Department of Energy
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funds research, development, and demonstration to help develop sustainable and cost-competitive biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower. For biofuels, DOE has lowered the cost of non-food-based ethanol by more than $6 per gallon since 2001, and it is now projected to...
2010 Outlook for Forest Biomass Availability in Minnesota: Physical, Environmental, Economic, and Social Availability
The growing interest and investment in forest biomass for energy production in Minnesota has created the need for accurate estimates of supply. This report estimates the total physical supply of residual forest biomass in Minnesota using a spreadsheet based Forest Age Class Change Simulator (FACCS...
North Central Regional Sun Grant Center - Dept of Energy
The North Central Regional Sun Grant Center is located at South Dakota State University in Brookings, SD. The Center consists of 10 states including Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Minnesota's Forest Biomass Value Chain
Minnesota stands at a crossroads. The forest products industry of past decades is rapidly changing, creating both short-term challenges and short- and long-term opportunities for the state. Minnesota has the opportunity to excel in manufacturing sustainable, renewable forest-based products,...
Illinois Biomass Working Group Forms to Study Near-Term Uses For Biomass in State - Biofuels Journal
Urbana—Representatives from academia, government, industry, and the private sector have joined together to form the Illinois Biomass Working Group (IBWG), a coalition organized to study near-term uses for biomass in Illinois.
Minnesota's forest resources
This report is compiled annually by Minnesota DNR – Forestry Division, Resource Assessment and Utilization & Marketing Program staff. Publication began in the mid 1980s by John Krantz, former Utilization & Marketing Program Coordinator. The report is intended to answer frequently asked...
A Map of the Iowa County-Level Study Area from the 2011 Billion Ton Study
A Map of the Iowa County-Level Study Area from the 2011 Billion Ton Study.
Organization: North Dakota State University/Heating the midwest.
Authors: www.bioenergykdf.net
Fuels Initiative BrochureUPDATED
Organization: North Dakota State University/Heating the midwest.
Authors: AURI
AURI Fuels Initiative II Brochure (Updated January 2008)
Agricultural Utilization Research Institute (AURI) released a fuels initiative brochure with agricultural renewable solid fuels data.
Organization: North Dakota State University/Heating the midwest.
Authors: AURI
Agricultural Renewable Solid Fuels Data
All provided information is based on the Proximate Analysis testing for solid fuels in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM). The compiled information should be used only as a general comparative guide for agricultural renewable fuels. The evaluated agricultural...
Organization: North Dakota State University/Heating the midwest.
Authors: AURI
Life cycle impacts of forest management and wood utilization on carbon mitigation: knowns and unknowns
This review on research on life cycle carbon accounting examines the complexities in accounting for carbon emissions given the many different ways that wood is used. Recent objectives to increase the use of renewable fuels have raised policy questions, with respect to the sustainability of managing...
Organization: College of Environment, University of Washington
Authors: Lippke, Bruce
Western Governors Association Initiative on Transportation Fuels
Transportation fuels are the major component of our energy portfolio. Of the 20 million barrels of petroleum consumed each day in the United States, 68 percent is used in the transportation sector. The Western states are in position to become key producers and beneficiaries in the emerging...
Biofuels and Indirect Land Use Change
This White Paper summarizes the issues surrounding indirect land use change (iLUC) and identifies ways to address weaknesses and areas of controversy in current approaches to modeling iLUC and potential iLUC mitigation options. It specifically identifies data requirements and potential collection...
Effects of Ethanol (E85) versus Gasoline Vehicles on Cancer and Mortality in the United States
Ethanol use in vehicle fuel is increasing worldwide, but the potential cancer risk and ozone-related health consequences of a large-scale conversion from gasoline to ethanol have not been examined. Here, a nested global-through-urban air pollution/weather forecast model is combined with high-...
Herbaceous energy crop development: recent progress and future prospects
Oil prices and government mandates have catalyzed rapid growth of nonfossil transportation fuels in recent years, with a large focus on ethanol from energy crops, but the food crops used as first-generation energy crops today are not optimized for this purpose. We show that the theoretical...
Biofuel Feedstocks: The Risk of Future Invasions
In an effort to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, expand domestic energy production, and maintain economic growth, public and private investments are being used to pursue dedicated feedstock crops for biofuel production. Unlike food crops grown for grain-based ethanol (e.g., corn), which require...
The impact of sustainability criteria on the costs and potentials of bioenergy production
Biomass can be used as a renewable (green or CO2 neutral) energy source, locally and readily available in large parts of the world. Many studies have been carried out that quantify the potential of the world to produce bioenergy (e.g. (Leemans et al. 1996; Fischer et al. 2001a; Hoogwijk et al. 2004...
Sustainable biofuels: prospects and challenges
The Society convened a working group of leading experts to consider the science and technology prospects of delivering efficient biofuels for transport in the broader context of the environmental protection and sustainability. The working group concluded that biofuels have a potentially useful role...
The Sustainability of Biomass Energy in the Pacific Northwest: A Framework for the PNW Region of the Sun Grant Initiative
Since the fuel crisis in the 1970’s, the Pacific Northwest region has been investigating the use of plant matter and biotic wastes to produce energy. However, within the last five years, the investigations have reached an unprecedented level of interest and support. Governments, private industries...
Transitioning to Sustainability Through Research and Development on Ecosystem Services and Biofuels: Workshop Summary
Although much is known about ecosystem services, a number of research gaps exist, and there are opportunities to strengthen collaboration. One of the major goals of this workshop was to discuss the current work of federal agencies in ecosystem services’ R&D related to sustainability while, at...
Biofuels for Transport: Global Potential and Implications for Energy and Agriculture
The increase in world agriculture prices caused by the global boom in biofuels could benefit many of the world’s rural poor—one of many conclusions of a landmark new 450-page book, Biofuels for Transport: Global Potential and Implications for Energy and Agriculture, authored by Worldwatch and...
Sustainable Bioenergy: A Framework for Decision Makers
Issue 1: Ability of Modern Bioenergy to Provide Energy Services fo the Poor Issue 2: Implications for Agro-Industrial Development and Job Creation Issue 3: Health and Gender Implications of Modern Bioenergy Issue 4: Implications for the Structure of Agriculture Issue 5: Implications for Food...
Forest Sustainability in the Development of Wood Bioenergy in the US
With the development of renewable energy sources to meet the challenges of energy security and climate change, wood bioenergy and biofuels have the potential to become a much larger part of the nation’s energy future. There is concern that efforts to expand the production and use of this energy...
Ensuring Forest Sustainability in the Development of Wood Biofuels and Bioenergy: Implications for Federal and State Policies
On February 9-10, 2009, the Heinz Center for Science, Economics and the Environment (Heinz Center) and the Pinchot Institute for Conservation (Pinchot Institute) convened a dialogue session focusing on the intersection of policies affecting biomass-based energy and those concerning forest policy...
Another Inconvenient Truth: How biofuel policies are deepening poverty and accelerating climate change
Biofuels are presented in rich countries as a solution to two crises: the climate crisis and the oil crisis. But they may not be a solution to either, and instead are contributing to a third: the current food crisis. Meanwhile the danger is that they allow rich-country governments to avoid...
The Economic Impacts of Bioenergy Crop Production on U.S. Agriculture
In response to energy security concerns, alternative energy programs such as biomass energy systems are being developed to provide energy in the 21st century. For the biomass industry to expand, a variety of feedstocks will need to be utilized. Large scale production of bioenergy crops could have...
The Role of Biofuels and Other Factors in Increasing Farm and Food Prices
This paper reviews various studies that have examined the relationship between corn used in ethanol production and corn prices. They suggest increased corn demand for ethanol could account for 25 to 50 percent of the corn price increase expected from 2006/07 to 2008/09. Another analysis presented...
The right to food and the impact of liquid biofuels (agrofuels)
This study examines the impact of biofuel production on the enjoyment of the human right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger. It follows from internationally recognised human rights that States have a core obligation to ensure freedom from hunger for all,...
Biofuels: Potential Effects and Challenges of Required Increases in Production and Use
  In December 2007, the Congress expanded the renewable fuel standard (RFS), which requires rising use of ethanol and other biofuels, from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons in 2022. To meet the RFS, the Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Energy (DOE) are developing advanced...
Estimating U.S. Government Subsidies to Energy Sources: 2002-2008
The largest U.S subsidies to fossil fuels are attributed to tax breaks that aid foreign oil production, according to research released by ELI. The study, which reviewed fossil fuel and energy subsidies for Fiscal Years 2002-2008, reveals that the lion’s share of energy subsidies supported energy...
Reducing U.S. greenhouse gas emissions: How much at what cost?
Consensus is growing among scientists, policy makers, and business leaders that concerted action will be needed to address rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. The discussion is now turning to the practical challenges of where and how emissions reductions can best be achieved...
Overview of the Lifecycle Emissions Model (LEM)
The task of developing and evaluating strategies to reduce emissions of urban air pollutants and greenhouse gases is complicated. There are many ways to produce and use energy, many sources of emissions in an energy lifecycle, and several kinds of pollutants (or greenhouse gases) emitted at each...
The Business of Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities
Earth warmed by more than 0.6 degrees Celsius (ºC) over the 20th century. Past fluctuations in naturally-occurring atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have caused Earth to warm and to cool, in cycles of around 100,000 years, with the timing of these cycles largely determined by a repeating...
Global Energy Technology Strategy: Addressing Climate Change
Global climate change is one of the most complex environmental, energy, economic, and political issues confronting the international community. Its time and geographic scales are unprecedented in their scope, touching every human activity that involves energy or land and requiring a strategy that...
Biomass to ethanol : potential production and environmental impacts
This study models and assesses the current and future fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas impacts of ethanol produced from three feedstocks; corn grain, corn stover, and switchgrass. A life-cycle assessment approach with an integrated Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis is applied to each of...
Ethanol Can Contribute to Energy and Environmental Goals
To study the potential effects of increased biofuel use, we evaluated six representative analyses of fuel ethanol. Studies that reported negative net energy incorrectly ignored coproducts and used some obsolete data. All studies indicated that current corn ethanol technologies are much less...
Psychology and Global Climate Change: Addressing a Multi-faceted Phenomenon and Set of Challenges
The APA Task Force on the Interface Between Psychology and Global Climate Change met in 2008-2009 to examine the role of psychology in understanding and addressing global climate change, including efforts to adapt to and mitigate climate change. The task force’s report reviews a wide range of...
Is biofuel policy harming biodiversity in Europe?
We assessed the potential impacts of land-use changes resulting from a change in the current biofuel policy on biodiversity in Europe. We evaluated the possible impact of both arable and woody biofuel crops on changes in distribution of 313 species pertaining to different taxonomic groups. Using...
Constraints on Algal Biofuel Production
The aspiration for producing algal biofuel is motivated by the desire to replace conventional petroleum fuels, produce fuels domestically, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although, in theory, algae have the potential to produce a large amount of petroleum fuel substitutes and capture carbon...
Dryland Performance of Sweet Sorghum and Grain Crops for Biofuel in Nebraska
Sweet sorghum [SS; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a potential biofuel crop for the Great Plains. Sweet sorghum was compared with corn [Zea mays (L.)] and grain sorghum for potential ethanol yield, energy use effi ciency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at seven dryland site-years in Nebraska...
Towards Standardization of Life-Cycle Metrics for Biofuels: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation and Net Energy Yield
Despite a rapid worldwide expansion of the biofuel industry, there is a lack of consensus within the scientific community about the potential of biofuels to reduce reliance on petroleum and decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although life cycle assessment provides a means to quantify these...
Soil greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential in four high-yielding maize systems
Crop intensification is often thought to increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but studies in which crop management is optimized to exploit crop yield potential are rare. We conducted a field study in eastern Nebraska, USA to quantify GHG emissions, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and the...
Annual carbon dioxide exchange in irrigated and rainfed maize-based agroecosystems
Carbon dioxide exchange was quantified in maize–soybean agroecosystems employing year-round tower eddy covariance flux systems and measurements of soil C stocks, CO2 fluxes from the soil surface, plant biomass, and litter decomposition. Measurements were made in three cropping systems: (a)...
Indirect land use emissions in the life cycle of biofuels: regulations vs science
Recent legislative mandates have been enacted at state and federal levels with the purpose of reducing life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation fuels. This legislation encourages the substitution of fossil fuels with ‘low-carbon’ fuels. The burden is put on regulatory agencies...
BT2 - Secondary Forest and Agriculture Resources Data
This file contains the secondary agriculture and forest resources raw data output as referenced in the Billion-Ton Update Report for years 2012 - 2030. 
BT2 - Primary Forest Resources
This file contains the Primary Forest Resources raw data outputs as referenced in the Billion-Ton Update Report for years 2012 - 2030. 
BT2 - Energy Crop Feedstocks and Residues Data
This file contains the Energy Feedstocks and Crop Residue raw data outputs as referenced in the Billion-Ton Update Report for the baseline and high-yield scenarios for years 2012 - 2030. 
BT2 - Conventional Crop Data
This file contains the Conventional crop raw data output as referenced in the Billion-Ton Update Report for the baseline and high-yield scenarios for years 2012 - 2030. 
U.S. Billion-Ton Update: Biomass Supply for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry
The report, Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply (generally referred to as the Billion-Ton Study or 2005 BTS), was an estimate of “potential” biomass available within the contiguous United States based on assumptions...
BT2 - Baseline County Woody Resources $60 2030
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - Baseline County Woody Resources $60 2022
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - Baseline County Woody Resources $60 2017
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% County Woody Resources $60 2030
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% County Woody Resources $60 2022
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% County Woody Resources $60 2017
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% County Herbaceous Resources $60 2030
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) resources including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% County Herbaceous Resources $60 2022
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) resources including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% County Herbaceous Resources $60 2017
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) resources including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - Baseline County Herbaceous Resources $60 2030
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) resources including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - Baseline County Herbaceous Resources $60 2022
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) crops including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - Baseline County Herbaceous Resources $60 2017
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) crops including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% County Energy Resources $60 2030
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% County Energy Resources $60 2022
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% County Energy Resources $60 2017
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - Baseline County Energy Resources $60 2030
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - Baseline County Energy Resources $60 2022
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - Baseline County Energy Resources $60 2017
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% State Energy Resources $60 2030
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% State Energy Resources $60 2022
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - High-Yield 3% State Energy Resources $60 2017
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - Baseline State Energy Resources $60 2030
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - Baseline State Energy Resources $60 2022
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BT2 - Baseline State Energy Resources $60 2017
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
IPCC SRREN - Chapter 2 on Bioenergy
The IPCC SRREN report addresses information needs of policymakers, the private sector and civil society on the potential of renewable energy sources for the mitigation of climate change, providing a comprehensive assessment of renewable energy technologies and related policy and financial...
Potential Open Pond Microalgae Production Sites Assuming Current Technology - Polygon Area
Nationwide spatial dataset representing the polygon areas for first-generation suitability analysis of potentially suitable areas for microalgae open ponds. The PNNL microalgae growth model results for each site are included in the attribute table and assume growth based on theoretical limits....
Organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
A National Microalgae Biofuel Production Potential and Resource Demand
Microalgae are receiving increased global attention as a potential sustainable “energy crop”for biofuel production. An important step to realizing the potential of algae is quantifying the demands commercial‐scale algal biofuel production will place on water and land resources. We present a high‐...
Authors: Wigmosta, Mark
Empirical geographic modeling of switchgrass yields in the United States
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial grass native to the United States that has been studied as a sustainable source of biomass fuel. Although many field-scale studies have examined the potential of this grass as a bioenergy crop, these studies have not been integrated. In this study,...
Authors: Henriette I. Jager , Latham M. Baskaran , Craig C. Brandt , Ethan B. Davis , Carla A. Gunderson , Stan D. Wullschleger
Transportation Fuels for the 21st Century
As we enter the 21st century, policy-makers face complex decisions regarding options for meeting the demand for transportation fuels. There is now a broad scientific consensus that the burning of fossil fuels has been contributing to climate change,1 and the transportation sector is a major...
Organization: Center for BioEnergy Sustainability, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Authors: Randy Bruins , Kent Hoekman , Rebecca Efroymson , Andy Aden , Alan Hecht
Indicators to support environmental sustainability of bioenergy systems
Indicators are needed to assess environmental sustainability of bioenergy systems. Effective indicators will help in the quantification of benefits and costs of bioenergy options and resource uses. We identify 19 measurable indicators for soil quality, water quality and quantity, greenhouse gases,...
Authors: McBride, Allen
Progress Toward Evaluating The Sustainability Of Switchgrass As A Bioenergy Crop Using The SWAT Model
Adding bioenergy to the U.S. energy portfolio requires long‐term profitability for bioenergy producers and long‐term protection of affected ecosystems. In this study, we present steps along the path toward evaluating both sides of the sustainability equation (production and environmental) for...
Using a Broad-scale Perspective to Address Changes in Land, Climate, and Energy
A broad-scale perspective on the nexus between climate change, land use, and energy requires consideration of interactions that were often omitted from climate change studies. While prior analyses have considered how climate change affects land use and vice versa (Dale 1997), there is growing...
Organization: Center for BioEnergy Sustainability, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Authors: Virginia H. Dale
Challenges for Bioenergy Emission Accounting
Country borders have been chosen as system boundaries to inventory GHG emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. The use of country boundaries is clear and allows summing over all countries. The country inventories purposefully account for where and when both fossil-fuel combustion emissions occur, and...
Organization: ORNL
Authors: Kline, Keith
Good policy follows good science: using criteria and indicators for assessing sustainable biofuel production
Developing scientific criteria and indicators should play a critical role in charting a sustainable path for the rapidly developing biofuel industry. The challenge ahead in developing such criteria and indicators is to address the limitations on data and modeling.
Authors: Hecht, Alan
The Role of Modeling Assumptions and Policy Instruments in Evaluating the Global Implications of U.S. Biofuel Policies
A primary objective of current U.S. biofuel law – the “Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007” (EISA) – is to reduce dependence on imported oil, but the law also requires biofuels to meet carbon emission reduction thresholds relative to petroleum fuels. EISA created a renewable fuel standard...
Authors: Keith L. Kline , Gbadebo Oladosu
Land-Use Change and Bioenergy: Report from the 2009 workshop
The U.S. Department of Energy Biomass Program sponsored the Land-Use Change and Bioenergy workshop in Vonore, Tennessee, from May 11 to May 14, 2009. More than 50 experts from around the world gathered to review the state of the science, identify opportunities for collaboration, and prioritize next...
Authors: ORNL
Use of SWAT model to evaluate the sustainability of switchgrass production at a national scale
As the US begins to integrate biomass crops and residues into its mix of energy feedstocks, tools are needed to measure the long-term sustainability of these feedstocks. Two aspects of sustainability are long-term potential for profitably producing energy and protection of ecosystems influenced by...
Organization: Center for BioEnergy Sustainability, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Authors: Baskaran, Latha
In Defense of Biofuels, Done Right
Despite recent claims to the contrary, plant-based fuels developed in economically and environmentally sensible ways can contribute significantly to the nation’s— indeed, the world’s—energy security while providing a host of benefits for many people worldwide.
Organization: ORNL
Authors: Keith L. Kline , Virginia H. Dale , Russell Lee , Paul Leiby
Biofuels: Implications for Land Use and Biodiversity
Relationships between people and their environment are largely defined by land use. Space and soil are needed for native plants and wildlife, as well as for crops used for food, feed, fiber, wood products and biofuel (liquid fuel derived from plant material). People also use land for homes, schools...
Authors: Virginia Dale
Bioenergy Sustainability at the Regional Scale
The establishment of bioenergy crops will affect ecological processes and their interactions and thus has an influence on ecosystem services provided by the lands on which these crops are grown. The regional-scale effects of bioenergy choices on ecosystem services need special attention because...
Organization: Center for BioEnergy Sustainability, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Authors: Virginia Dale , Richard Lowrance , Patrick Mulholland , G Phillip Robertson
Biofuels: Effects on Land and Fire
IN THEIR REPORTS IN THE 29 FEBRUARY ISSUE (“LAND CLEARING AND THE BIOFUEL CARBON debt,” J. Fargione et al., p. 1235, and “Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change,” T. Searchinger et al., p. 1238), the authors do not provide adequate...
Organization: ORNL
Authors: Keith L. Kline , Virginia H. Dale
The influence of CO2 mitigation incentives on profitability of eucalyptus production on clay settling areas in Florida
Fast growing, short-rotation tree crops provide unique opportunities to sequester carbon on phosphate-mined lands in central Florida and, if used as a biofuel, can reduce CO2emissions associated with electricity generation. Base case land expectation values (LEVs)of phosphate-mined land under...
Authors: Langholtz, Matthew
Fungible and Compatible Biofuels: Literature Search, Summary, and Recommendations
ORNL Report ORNL/TM-2010-120. The purpose of this study is to summarize the various barriers to more widespread distribution of biofuels through our common carrier fuel distribution system, which includes pipelines, barges and rail, fuel tankage, and distribution terminals, and with a special focus...
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Authors: Bruce Bunting
2010 Decennial Census - Population by County
2010 total population counts per county in the United States from the 2010 decennial census.
Authors: U.S. Census Bureau
Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP), Alpha Version
The Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP), Alpha Version consists of estimates of human population for the years 1990, 1995, and 2000 by 30 arc-second (1km) grid cells and associated datasets dated circa 2000. The data products include population count grids (raw counts), population density...
Authors: Ctr. for Intl. Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)
Gridded Population of the World, version 3 (GPWv3)
Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3) consists of estimates of human population for the years 1990, 1995, and 2000 by 2.5 arc-minute grid cells and associated datasets dated circa 2000. The data products include population count grids (raw counts), population density grids (per square...
Authors: Ctr. for Intl. Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)
U.S. Census Grids
The U.S. Census Grids provide raster data sets that include not only population and housing counts, but a wide variety of socioeconomic characteristics. These gridded data sets transform irregularly shaped census block and block group boundaries into a regular surface – a raster grid – for faster...
Authors: Ctr, for Intl, Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)
Cellulosic Ethanol Feasibility Template
A new addition to the growing biofuels resources list at AgMRC is a cellulosic ethanol feasibility template developed by agricultural economists at Oklahoma State University (OSU). The purpose of the spreadsheet-based template is to give users the opportunity to assess the economics of a commercial...
Authors: Rodney Holcomb
Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design and Economics Utilizing Co-Current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Corn Stover
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is promoting the development of ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstocks as an alternative to conventional petroleum-based transportation fuels. DOE funds both fundamental and applied research in this area and needs a method for predicting cost benefits of many...
Authors: Aden, A.
Impact of Biofuel Industry Expansion on Grain Utilization and Distribution: Preliminary Results of Iowa Grain and Biofuel Survey
This paper examines the impact of biofuel expansion on grain utilization and distribution at the state and cropping district level as most of grain producers and handlers are directly influenced by the local changes. We conducted a survey to understand the utilization and flows of corn, ethanol and...
Authors: Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward)
Breaking into the Cellulosic Ethanol Market: Capacity and Storage Strategies
This paper examines the possibilities of breaking into the cellulosic ethanol market in south Louisiana via strategic feedstock choices and the leveraging of the area’s competitive advantages. A small plant strategy is devised whereby the first-mover problem might be solved, and several scenarios...
Authors: Darby, Paul
A Spatial Equilibrium Model of the Impact of Bio-Fuels Energy Policy on Grain Transportation Flows
Traffic flows in the U.S. have been affected by the substantial increase and, as of January 2009, decrease in biofuel production and use. This paper considers a framework to study the effect on grain transportation flows of the 2005 Energy Act and subsequent legislation, which mandated higher...
Authors: Ahmedov, Zarabek
Modeling Biofuels Expansion in a Changing Global Environment
This paper examines the impact of declining energy prices on biofuels production and use and its implications to agricultural commodity markets. It uses PEATSim, a dynamic partial equilibrium, multi-commodity, multi-country global trade model of the agriculture sector to analyze the interaction...
Authors: Peters, May
Ethanol and a Changing Agricultural Landscape
The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 established specific targets for the production of biofuel in the United States. Until advanced technologies become commercially viable, meeting these targets will increase demand for traditional agricultural commodities used to produce...
Authors: Malcolm, Scott A.
Charging into the Blend Wall: Conjoint Analysis of Consumer Willingness to Pay for Ethanol Blend Fuels
Ethanol use in the U.S. rose sharply in recent years due to public policy and a spike in petroleum prices, and remains high. Public support for ethanol includes mandated minimum levels of use nationwide. However, rather little is known about consumer demand for ethanol and much less about demand by...
Authors: Aguilar, Francisco X.
USDA Agricultural Baseline Projections
USDA Agricultural Projections for 2011-20, released in February 2011, provide longrun projections for the farm sector for the next 10 years. These annual projections cover agricultural commodities, agricultural trade, and aggregate indicators of the sector, such as farm income and food prices....
Authors: USDA Economic Research Service
Biomass Supply from Alternative Cellulosic Crops and Crop Residues: A Preliminary Spatial Bioeconomic Modeling Approach
This paper introduces a spatial bioeconomic model for study of potential cellulosic biomass supply at regional scale. By modeling the profitability of alternative crop production practices, it captures the opportunity cost of replacing current crops by cellulosic biomass crops. The model draws upon...
Authors: Egbendewe-Mondzozo, Aklesso
Location and Spatial Pricing in Agricultural Markets
Agricultural markets often feature significant transport costs and spatially distributed production and processing which causes spatial imperfect competition. Spatial economics considers the firms’ decisions regarding location and spatial price strategy separately, usually on the demand side, and...
Authors: Graubner, Marten
Optimal Biorefinery Locations and Transportation Network for the Future Biofuels Industry in Illinois
This article addresses development of the Illinois ethanol industry through the period 2007-2022, responding to the ethanol production mandates of the Renewable Fuel Standard by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The planning for corn-based and cellulosic ethanol production requires...
Authors: Tursun, Umit Deniz
Dynamic Partial Equilibrium Agricultural Trade Simulator: PEATSim
PEATSim (Partial Equilibrium Agricultural Trade Simulation) is a dynamic, partial equilibrium, mathematical-based model that enables users to reach analytical solutions to problems, given a set of parameters, data, and initial conditions. This theoretical tool developed by ERS incorporates a wide...
Authors: USDA Economic Research Service
Spatial Equilibrium in the Bio-Fuel Economy: A Multi-Market Analysis of Trade Distortions in the U.S. and Brazilian Ethanol Sector
Energy security and environmental concerns about global climate change have lead to recent growth in the use of bio-fuels in the U.S. Brazil currently exports a substantial share of its sugarcane based ethanol to the U.S. to support the growing demand for bio-fuels. However, U.S. policies that...
Authors: Bowser, William
Spatial Marketing Patterns for Corn Under the Condition of Increasing Ethanol Production in the U.S.
Events external to agriculture have set in motion the conditions for structural change in the marketing of corn in the U.S. These included a rapid increase in the price of crude oil from $40 per barrel to over $100 caused by hurricanes, geopolitical events, an increased global demand for energy...
Authors: Conley, Dennis M.
Economic Efficiency of Ethanol Plants in the US North Central Region
In this study we use data envelopment analysis to decompose the overall economic efficiency of a sample of ethanol plants into three subcomponents: technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and a new component we call marketing efficiency. The relative importance of these sources of efficiency is...
Authors: Sesmero, Juan P.
Choice of optimum feedstock portfolio for a cellulosic ethanol plant – A dynamic linear programming solution
When the lignocellulosic biofuels industry reaches maturity and many types of biomass sources become economically viable, management of multiple feedstock supplies – that vary in their yields, density (tons per unit area), harvest window, storage and seasonal costs, storage losses, transport...
Authors: Kumarappan, Subbu
Economic and Marketing Efficiency Among Corn Ethanol Plants
In the corn ethanol industry, the ability of plants to obtain favorable prices through marketing decisions is considered important for their overall economic performance. Based on a panel of surveyed of ethanol plants we extend data envelopment analysis (DEA) to decompose the economic efficiency of...
Authors: Sesmero, Juan S.
The Effect of Ethanol Production on the U.S. National Corn Price
A system of equations representing corn supply, feed demand, export demand, food, alcohol and industrial (FAI) demand, and corn price is estimated by three-stage least squares. A price dependent reduced form equation is then formed to investigate the effect of ethanol production on the national...
Authors: Fortenbery, T. Randall
Impact of United States Corn-based Ethanol Production on Land Use
The purpose of this research was to determine whether indirect land use occurs and if so to what extent. Indirect land use is a change from non-cropland to cropland (e.g. deforestation) that may occur in response to increasing scarcity of cropland. As farmers worldwide respond to higher crop prices...
Authors: Sobowale, Folakemi
Production, Supply and Distribution Data - USDA
This database contains current and historical official USDA data on production, supply and distribution of agricultural commodities for the United States and key producing and consuming countries.
Authors: USDA Foreign Agriculture Service
FAOSTAT
FAOSTAT provides time-series and cross sectional data relating to food and agriculture for some 200 countries. The national version of FAOSTAT, CountrySTAT, is being developed and implemented in a number of target countries, primarily in sub-saharan Africa. It will offer a two-way data exchange...
Authors: FAO
Land Use Change and Consequent CO2 Emissions due to U.S. Corn Ethanol Production: A Comprehensive Analysis
The basic objective of this research was to estimate land use changes associated with US corn ethanol production up to the 15 billion gallon Renewable Fuel Standard level implied by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. We also used the estimated land use changes to calculate Greenhouse...
Life-Cycle Assessment of Energy and Greenhouse Gas Effects of Soybean-Derived Biodiesel and Renewable Fuels
We assessed the life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts of the following three soybean-derived fuels by expanding, updating, and using Argonne National Laboratory’s Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model: (1) biodiesel produced from...
Water Consumption in the Production of Ethanol and Petroleum Gasoline
We assessed current water consumption during liquid fuel production, evaluating major steps of fuel lifecycle for five fuel pathways: bioethanol from corn, bioethanol from cellulosic feedstocks, gasoline from U.S. conventional crude obtained from onshore wells, gasoline from Saudi Arabian crude,...
Simulation of the Process for Producing Butanol from Corn Fermentation
This study focuses on the simulation of a complete process for producing butanol via acetone, butanol, and ethanol corn fermentation.
Is the future of algal biofuels offshore?
Fast-growing, oil-producing species of microalgae have become the focus of attention for both biomass and biodiesel biofuels, but questions remain about scalability, economics, and the competition between large-scale microalgae cultivation and agriculture, with regard to water, fertilizer, and land...
KDF Factsheet
Describes the KDF
Macroalgae as a Biomass Feedstock: A Preliminary Analysis (PNNL-19944)
Meeting the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) renewable fuels goals requires development of a large sustainable domestic supply of diverse biomass feedstocks. Macroalgae, also known as seaweed, could be a potential contributor toward this goal. This resource would be grown in marine...
Organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Authors: Roesijadi, G
USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)
NHD Basin Boundaries developed from the Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD).
Authors: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Resources Division (WRD)
1997-2013 Cropland Data Layers
The USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer (CDL) of the US for the growing seasons 1997 through 2013 are available using CropScape. Data for some states may not be available for one or more years.    
Authors: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)
The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) are used to portray surface water on The National Map. The NHD represents the drainage network with features such as rivers, streams, canals, lakes, ponds, coastline, dams, and streamgages. The WBD represents drainage...
Authors: U.S. Geological Survey
Using System Dynamics to Model the Transition to Biofuels in the United States Preprint, June 2008
Using System Dynamics to Model the Transition to Biofuels in the United States Preprint, B. Bush, M. Duffy, and D. Sandor, National Renewable Energy Laboratory S. Peterson, Peterson Group To be presented at the Third International Conference on Systems of Systems Engineering Monterey, California...
Authors: Bush, Brian
Understanding the Growth of the Cellulosic Ethanol Industry, April 2008
Understanding the Growth of the Cellulosic Ethanol Industry, D. Sandor and R. Wallace, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, S. Peterson The Peterson Group, Technical Report, NREL/TP-150-42120 April 2008
Authors: D. Sandor and R. Wallace National Renewable Energy Laboratory, S. Peterson The Peterson Group
Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply
This report, generally referred to as the Billion-Ton Study or 2005 BTS, is an estimate of “potential” biomass available within the contiguous United States based on assumptions about inventory production capacity, availability, and technology. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and...
Authors: Robert D. Perlack
Ethanol Industry Outlook
Ethanol Industry Outlooks from past years are made available by the renewable Fuels Association. The reports include the latest trends,developments happening with regard to the ethanol industry.
Trends in Flex Fuel Vehicles (FFV)s
This page lists data identifying trends in flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs), fuel efficiency, and how fleets are using alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs).
Iowa Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
Iowa Vehicle Miles Traveled data.
Illinois Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
Illinois VMT data.
Minnesota E85 Stations
The link provides information on the E85 stations in Minnesota by city or county.
California Traffic Counts
California traffic counts, such as vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and average annual daily (AAD) traffic data can be found here.
Minnesota Bioenergy reports and data
The link provides data and reports related to bioenergy - ethanol and biodiesel produced by Minnesota.
Florida Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
Florida vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is available here.
Minnesota Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
Minnesota vehicle miles traveled data is available here.
Oregon Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
Oregon vehicle miles traveled data is available here.
Historic gasoline prices
US Retail gasoline Historic Prices
Wisconsin Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
Wisconsin VMT data.
Arizona Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
Arizona vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is available here.
Colorado Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
Daily vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by county for Colorado is available here.
Ethanol Market Reports from Federal Trade Commision
The Federal Trade Commision performs a market concentration analysis of the ethanol production industry to determine whether there is sufficient competition among industry participants to avoid price-setting and other anticompetitive behaviour.The FTC must report its findings to Congress and to the...
A Review of the Economic Rewards and Risks of Ethanol Production
Ethanol production doubled in a very short period of time in the U.S. due to a combination of natural disasters, political tensions, and much more demand globally from petroleum. Responses to this expansion will span many sectors of society and the economy. As the Midwest gears up to rapidly add...
Authors: David Swenson
Ethanol Transportation Backgrounder
This is an overview of transportation issues facing a rapidly expanding U.S. ethanol industry in the context of the U.S. corn market—currently the main source of ethanol production in the United States. The aim of the report is to present a frame of reference as the ethanol industry continues to...
Potential Infrastructre Constraints on Current Corn based and Future Biomass based U.S. Ethanol Production
This paper summarizes some of the major impacts rapid growth in the corn based ethanol (CE) production is now having on infrastructure in the Midwestern corn producing states and examines some of the likely infrastructure needs that might be expected to occur as a consequence of the future...
Authors: Roger G. Ginder
The Effects of Ethanol Plant Location on Local Land Use
The objective of the research here is to more carefully investigate the claims of localized impacts on two fronts. The first is the impact a local ethanol plant has on the rate of agricultural land conversion to other uses (if an ethanol plant increases the value of local agricultural land as a...
Authors: Alan Turnquist
Spatial Analysis of U.S.Ethanol Production
Many site specific factors have been identified to influence ethanol plant location and production. These include availability of corn, water, cattle and access to a major highway. The objective of this paper is to determine whether these factors actually have influence on plant size. The rapid...
Authors: Frank Tenkorang
The Demand for E85 Ethanol
The market for E85�a fuel blend of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline�is small but growing rapidly. I use data for E85 sales at fueling stations in Minnesota to estimate demand for E85 as a function of retail E85 and gasoline prices. I find that demand is highly sensitive to price changes,...
Authors: Soren Anderson
Spatial and Temporal Differences in the Price Elasticity of Demand for Biofuels
One fundamental issue influencing the economic viability of the ethanol industry is consumers' demand responsiveness to both gasoline and ethanol price changes. This paper presents an alternative approach by estimating the geographic variation of price elasticity of demand for ethanol across...
Authors: Hayk Khachatryan
Consumer's Choice of E85: Lessons from Minnesota's experience
A key objective of U.S. energy policy is to increase biofuel use by highway vehicles to 36 billion gallons per year by 2022. The Energy Independence and Security Act envisions that nearly all of this target will be met by gasohol (E10) or neat ethanol (E85). Since the market for blending ethanol...
Authors: David L. Greene
Technical Issues Associated with the Use of intermediate ethanol blends in the U.S.Legacy Fleet
This report identify the issues associated with intermediate ethanol blends with an emphasis on the end-use or vehicle impacts of increased ethanol levels and compile a current and complete bibliography of key references on intermediate ethanol blends.
Authors: R. Bechtold
Statistical Analysis of Factors Influencing Consumer Use of E85
This study is a statistical analysis to estimate the significance of factors that influence the volume of E85 sales to the general public in Minnesota from 1997 to 2006.
Authors: P. Bromiley
Estimation and short range forecasting of county level VMT and motor fuel use for the US(through 2015)
This paper describes the development of a set of U.S. county-based vehicle miles of travel and motor fuel use estimates and forecasts. The forecasts are short range, annual forecasts out to year 2015. A range of forecasts can be generated based on different assumptions associated with household...
Authors: Frank Southworth
Effects of Intermediate Ethanol Blends on Legacy Vehicles and Small Non-Road Engines
This report is an update of the original version, which was published in October 2008. This updated report includes results from the complete 16-vehicle fleet (the original report included only the first 13 vehicles tested) as well as corrections to minor errors identified in some of the originally...
Authors: Knoll, Keith, West, Brian
Survey Evidence on the Importance of Fuel Availability to the Choice of Alternative Fuels and Vehicles
Limited fuel availability is a critical factor in the marketability of new fuels. A survey of us households is used to estimate the value of fuel availability and its influence on choice of fuel for a fuel-flexible vehicle and the choice of a dedicated-fuel engine for a vehicle. The marginal value...
Authors: David L. Greene
The Demand for Ethanol as a Gasoline Substitute
This paper estimates household preferences for ethanol as a gasoline substitute. I develop a theoretical model linking the shape of the ethanol demand curve to the distribution of price ratios at which individual households switch fuels. I estimate the model using data from many retail fueling...
Authors: Soren Anderson
Assessing the Ecological Impacts of Bioenergy Projects
One of the major objectives of the current expansion in bioenergy cropping is to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions for environmental benefit. The cultivation of bioenergy and biofuel crops also affects biodiversity more directly, both positively and negatively. Ecological impact assessment...
Authors: Les G. Firbank
BioFuels Atlas
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) originally developed this application for biopower with funding from the Environmental Protection Agency's Blue Skyways Collaborative. The Department of Energy's Office of Biomass Program provided funding for biofuels functionality. More...
Compressed Natural Gas Stations (NREL)
Use the Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) station locator to find compressed natural gas stations across the U.S.
Hydrogen Fuel Stations (NREL)
Use the Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) station locator to find hydrogen fuel stations across the U.S.
Liquified Natural Gas Stations (NREL)
Use the Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) station locator to find LNG stations across the U.S.
Hydrogen Data Book
Hydrogen Data Book - contains a wide range of factual information on hydrogen and fuel cells (e.g., hydrogen properties, hydrogen production and delivery data, and information on fuel cells and fuel cell vehicles), and it also provides other data that might be useful in analyses of hydrogen...
Power Technologies Energy Data Book
In 2002, the Strategic Energy Analysis Center of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed the first version of the Power Technologies Energy Data Book for the Office of Power Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The main purpose of the data book is to compile, in...
Electric Fuel Stations (NREL)
Use the Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) station locator to find electric fuel stations across the U.S.
2011 Buildings Energy Data Book
The 2011 Buildings Energy Data Book includes statistics on residential and commercial building energy consumption. Data tables contain statistics related to construction, building technologies, energy consumption, and building characteristics. The Building Technologies Program within the U.S....
Transportation Energy Data Book
In January 1976, the Transportation Energy Conservation (TEC) Division of the Energy Research and Development Administration contracted with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to prepare a Transportation Energy Conservation Data Book to be used by TEC staff in their evaluation of current and...
Transportation & Distribution: Biofuels
A presentation by Bruce Heine of Magellan Midstream Partners to the 2006 Bioeconomy Conference held at Iowa State University.
Authors: Bruce Heine
RENEWABLE FUEL STANDARD CHALLENGES FACED BY TERMINALS
A presentation by Andrea Grant of Independent Fuel Terminal Operators Association.
Authors: Andrea Grant
E-85 Fuel Station Locator (NREL)
The Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) Station Locator identifies E-85 Fuel station locations across the country.
Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) Station Locator
Search for and download detailed data on fueling stations for several different types of alternative fuels.
Impacts of biofuels on climate change, water use, and land use
Governments worldwide are promoting the development of biofuels in order to mitigate the climate impact of using fuels. In this article, I discuss the impacts of biofuels on climate change, water use, and land use. I discuss the overall metric by which these impacts have been measured and then...
Authors: Mark A. Delucchi
Greenhouse gas footprints of different biofuel production systems
The aim of this study is to show the impact of different assumptions and methodological choices on the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) performance of biofuels by providing the results for different key parameters on a consistent basis. These include co-products allocation or system expansion, N2O...
Authors: Ric Hoefnagels
Biofuels, food security and transgenic crops
Soaring global food prices are threatening to push more poor people back below the poverty line; this will probably become aggravated by the serious challenge that increasing population and climate changes are posing for food security. There is growing evidence that human activities involving...
Authors: Acosta, O.
The economical and environmental performance of miscanthus and switchgrass production and supply chains in a European setting
The purpose of this study is to analyse the economical and environmental performance of switchgrass and miscanthus production and supply chains in the European Union (EU25), for the years 2004 and 2030. The environmental performance refers to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the primary fossil...
Authors: Edward M.W. Smeets
Biofuels and sustainability
Interest in liquid biofuels production and use has increased worldwide as part of government policies to address the growing scarcity and riskiness of petroleum use, and, at least in theory, to help mitigate adverse global climate change. The existing biofuels markets are dominated by U.S. ethanol...
Authors: Barry D. Solomon
Advancing environmental risk assessment for transgenic biofeedstock crops
Transgenic modification of plants is a key enabling technology for developing sustainable biofeedstocks for biofuels production. Regulatory decisions and the wider acceptance and development of transgenic biofeedstock crops are considered from the context of science-based risk assessment. The risk...
Authors: Wolt, Jeffrey D.
The impact of ethanol production on US and regional gasoline markets
This study quantifies the impact of increasing ethanol production on wholesale/retail gasoline prices employing pooled regional time-series data from January 1995 to March 2008. We find that the growth in ethanol production kept wholesale gasoline prices $0.14/gallon lower than would otherwise have...
Authors: Xiaodong Du
Biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol
The important key technologies required for the successful biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol have been extensively reviewed. The biological process of ethanol fuel production utilizing lignocellulose as substrate requires: (1) delignification to liberate cellulose and...
Authors: Jeewon Lee
An overview of biofuel policies across the world
In the last decade biofuel production has been driven by governmental policies. This article reviews the national strategy plans of the world’s leading producers. Particular attention is dedicated to blending targets, support schemes and feedstock use. Individual country profiles are grouped by...
Authors: Giovanni Sorda
Explaining the experience curve: Cost reductions of Brazilian ethanol from sugarcane
Production costs of bio-ethanol from sugarcane in Brazil have declined continuously over the last three decades. The aims of this study are to determine underlying reasons behind these cost reductions, and to assess whether the experience curve concept can be used to describe the development of...
Authors: J.D. van den Wall Bake
Competition between biofuels: Modeling technological learning and cost reductions over time
A key aspect in modeling the (future) competition between biofuels is the way in which production cost developments are computed. The objective of this study was threefold: (i) to construct a (endogenous) relation between cost development and cumulative production (ii) to implement technological...
Authors: Marc de Wit
Ethanol from corn: a technical and economical assessment based on different scenarios
A dry-grind ethanol from corn process analysis is performed. After defining a complete model of the process, a pinch technology analysis is carried out to optimise energy and water demands. The so-defined base case is then discussed in terms of production costs and process profitability. A detailed...
Authors: Giada Franceschin
Global market for bioethanol: historical trends and future prospects
Since the mid-1990s there has been a growing worldwide interest in alternative transport fuels, of which ethanol is among the most promising options. This interest has in recent years gathered pace, stimulated by high oil prices and the generally perceived view that this trend is likely to...
Authors: Frank Rosillo-Calle
Combined production of second-generation biofuels and electricity from sugarcane residues
This paper describes a preliminary analysis of two technological routes (based on hydrolysis and on gasification + Fischer–Tropsch conversion process) of biofuels production from cellulosic materials. In this paper it was considered the integration of the two alternative routes to a conventional...
Authors: Arnaldo Walter
Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass: Technology, economics, and opportunities
Production of ethanol from agriculutural and forestry residues, municipal solid waste, energy crops, and other forms of lignocellulosic biomass could improve energy security, reduce trade deficits, decrease urban air pollution, and contribute little, if any, net carbon dioxide accumulation to the...
Authors: Charles E. Wyman
Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass: techno-economic performance in short-, middle- and long-term
The state of the art of hydrolysis-fermentation technologies to produce ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, as well as developing technologies, is evaluated. Promising conversion concepts for the short-, middle- and long-term are defined. Their technical performance was analysed, and results...
Authors: Carlo N Hamelinck
Understanding the reductions in US corn ethanol production costs: An experience curve approach
The US is currently the world's largest ethanol producer. An increasing percentage is used as transportation fuel, but debates continue on its costs competitiveness and energy balance. In this study, technological development of ethanol production and resulting cost reductions are investigated...
Authors: W.G. Hettinga
Ethanol from lignocellulosics: A review of the economy
The present study is a review of published investigations regarding the economy of ethanol production from lignocellulosic material. The objective is to present relations between and tendencies observed in different cost estimates. The influence of plant capacity and overall product yield on the...
Authors: Margareta von Sivers
The sustainability of Brazilian ethanol--An assessment of the possibilities of certified production
In this article the environmental and socio-economical impacts of the production of ethanol from sugarcane in the state of São Paulo (Brazil) are evaluated. Subsequently, an attempt is made to determine to what extent these impacts are a bottleneck for a sustainable and certified ethanol production...
Authors: Edward Smeets
Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) Biorefineries
The Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) provides an interactive map of ethanol biorefinery locations in the U.S.
Water Use by Ethanol Plants: Potential Challenges
Ethanol production using corn grain has exploded in the Upper Midwest. This new demand for corn, and the new opportunities for value-added processing and cattle production in rural communities, has created the best economic development opportunity in the Corn Belt states in a generation or more....
Authors: Dennis Keeney
Water Embodied in Bioethanol in the United States
Prior studies have estimated that a liter of bioethanol requires 263−784 L of water from corn farm to fuel pump, but these estimates have failed to account for the widely varied regional irrigation practices. By using regional time-series agricultural and ethanol production data in the U.S., this...
Authors: Yi-Wen Chiu
Flexibility as a source of value in the production of alternative fuels: The ethanol case
There is typically a high degree of flexibility associated with the production of alternative fuels due to the ability to source from different input raw materials or to produce different output products based on market conditions. In this paper, we consider the particular example of ethanol and...
Authors: Carlos Bastian-Pinto
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