BioKDF Recent Documents
This page shows all documents that have been recently posted the Bioenergy KDF.
This publication provides the summary and conclusions from the workshop ‘Developing Sustainable Trade in Bioenergy’ held in conjunction with the meeting of the Executive Committee of IEA Bioenergy in Nara City, Japan on 12 May 2010.
The purpose of the workshop was to provide perspectives on...
This publication provides the summary and conclusions from the workshop ‘Thermal Pre-treatment of Biomass for Large-scale Applications’ held in conjunction with the meeting of the Executive Committee of IEA Bioenergy in York, United Kingdom, on 12 October 2010.
The purpose of the workshop was to...
Provides a summary of the key findings of the IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources (SRREN) and Climate Change Mitigation.
Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
The major opportunities to reduce fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions involve improving the efficiency with which energy is used and making the transition to alternative sources of energy and materials. These include increasing the sustainable use of biomass for the production of biomaterials,...
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool that may be used to quantify the environmental impacts of products and services. It includes all processes, from cradle-to-grave, along the supply chain of the product. When analysing energy systems, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (...
Biofuels are promoted in the United States through aggressive legislation, as one part of an overall strategy to lessen dependence on imported energy as well as to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (Office of the Biomass Program and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2008). For example...
Organization: NREL
This paper describes the current Biomass Scenario Model (BSM) as of August 2013, a system dynamics model developed under the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The model is the result of a multi-year project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). It is a tool designed to...
Organization: NREL
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funds research, development, and demonstration to help develop sustainable and cost-competitive biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower. For biofuels, DOE has lowered the cost of non-food-based ethanol by more than $6 per gallon since 2001, and it is now projected to...
The growing interest and investment in forest biomass for energy production in Minnesota has created the need for accurate estimates of supply. This report estimates the total physical supply of residual forest biomass in Minnesota using a spreadsheet based Forest Age Class Change Simulator (FACCS...
The North Central Regional Sun Grant Center is located at South Dakota State University in Brookings, SD. The Center consists of 10 states including Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Minnesota stands at a crossroads. The forest products industry of past decades is rapidly changing, creating both short-term challenges and short- and long-term opportunities for the state. Minnesota has the opportunity to excel in manufacturing sustainable, renewable forest-based products,...
Illinois Biomass Working Group Forms to Study Near-Term Uses For Biomass in State - Biofuels Journal
Urbana—Representatives from academia, government, industry, and the private sector have joined together to form the Illinois Biomass Working Group (IBWG), a coalition organized to study near-term uses for biomass in Illinois.
This report is compiled annually by Minnesota DNR – Forestry Division, Resource Assessment and
Utilization & Marketing Program staff. Publication began in the mid 1980s by John Krantz, former
Utilization & Marketing Program Coordinator. The report is intended to answer frequently asked...
A Map of the Iowa County-Level Study Area from the 2011 Billion Ton Study.
Organization: North Dakota State University/Heating the midwest.
Agricultural Utilization Research Institute (AURI) released a fuels initiative brochure with agricultural renewable solid fuels data.
Organization: North Dakota State University/Heating the midwest.
All provided information is based on the Proximate Analysis testing for solid fuels in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM).
The compiled information should be used only as a general comparative guide for agricultural renewable fuels.
The evaluated agricultural...
Organization: North Dakota State University/Heating the midwest.
This review on research on life cycle carbon accounting examines the complexities in accounting for carbon emissions given the many different ways that wood is used. Recent objectives to increase the use of renewable fuels have raised policy questions, with respect to the sustainability of managing...
Organization: College of Environment, University of Washington
Transportation fuels are the major component of our energy portfolio. Of the 20 million barrels of petroleum consumed each day in the United States, 68 percent is used in the transportation sector. The Western states are in position to become key producers and beneficiaries in the emerging...
This White Paper summarizes the issues surrounding indirect land use change (iLUC) and identifies ways to address weaknesses and areas of controversy in current approaches to modeling iLUC and potential iLUC mitigation options. It specifically identifies data requirements and potential collection...
Ethanol use in vehicle fuel is increasing worldwide, but the potential cancer risk and
ozone-related health consequences of a large-scale conversion from gasoline to ethanol
have not been examined. Here, a nested global-through-urban air pollution/weather
forecast model is combined with high-...
Oil prices and government mandates have catalyzed rapid growth of nonfossil transportation fuels in recent years, with a large focus on ethanol from energy crops, but the food crops used as first-generation energy crops today are not optimized for this purpose. We show that the theoretical...
In an effort to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, expand domestic energy production, and maintain economic growth, public and private investments are being used to pursue dedicated feedstock crops for biofuel production. Unlike food crops grown for grain-based ethanol (e.g., corn), which require...
Biomass can be used as a renewable (green or CO2 neutral) energy source, locally and readily available in large parts of the world. Many studies have been carried out that quantify the potential of the world to produce bioenergy (e.g. (Leemans et al. 1996; Fischer et al. 2001a; Hoogwijk et al. 2004...
The Society convened a working group of leading experts to consider the science and technology prospects of delivering efficient biofuels for transport in the broader context of the environmental protection and sustainability.
The working group concluded that biofuels have a potentially useful role...
Since the fuel crisis in the 1970’s, the Pacific Northwest region has been investigating the use of plant matter and biotic wastes to produce energy. However, within the last five years, the investigations have reached an unprecedented level of interest and support. Governments, private industries...
Although much is known about ecosystem services, a number of research gaps exist, and there are opportunities to strengthen collaboration. One of the major goals of this workshop was to discuss the current work of federal agencies in ecosystem services’ R&D related to sustainability while, at...
The increase in world agriculture prices caused by the global boom in biofuels could benefit many of the world’s rural poor—one of many conclusions of a landmark new 450-page book, Biofuels for Transport: Global Potential and Implications for Energy and Agriculture, authored by Worldwatch and...
Issue 1: Ability of Modern Bioenergy to Provide Energy Services fo the Poor
Issue 2: Implications for Agro-Industrial Development and Job Creation
Issue 3: Health and Gender Implications of Modern Bioenergy
Issue 4: Implications for the Structure of Agriculture
Issue 5: Implications for Food...
With the development of renewable energy sources to meet the
challenges of energy security and climate change, wood bioenergy
and biofuels have the potential to become a much larger part
of the nation’s energy future. There is concern that efforts to
expand the production and use of this energy...
On February 9-10, 2009, the Heinz Center for Science, Economics and the Environment
(Heinz Center) and the Pinchot Institute for Conservation (Pinchot Institute) convened a
dialogue session focusing on the intersection of policies affecting biomass-based energy
and those concerning forest policy...
Biofuels are presented in rich countries as a solution to two crises: the climate crisis and the oil crisis. But they may not be a solution to either, and instead are contributing to a third: the current food crisis.
Meanwhile the danger is that they allow rich-country governments to avoid...
In response to energy security concerns, alternative energy programs such as biomass energy systems are being
developed to provide energy in the 21st century. For the biomass industry to expand, a variety of feedstocks will need
to be utilized. Large scale production of bioenergy crops could have...
This paper reviews various studies that have examined the relationship between corn used in ethanol production and corn prices. They suggest increased corn demand for ethanol could account for 25 to 50 percent of the corn price increase expected from 2006/07 to 2008/09. Another analysis presented...
This study examines the impact of biofuel production on the enjoyment of the human right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger. It follows from internationally recognised human rights that States have a core obligation to ensure freedom from hunger for all,...
In December 2007, the Congress expanded the renewable fuel standard (RFS), which requires rising use of ethanol and other biofuels, from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons in 2022. To meet the RFS, the Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Energy (DOE) are developing advanced...
The largest U.S subsidies to fossil fuels are attributed to tax breaks that aid foreign oil production, according to research released by ELI. The study, which reviewed fossil fuel and energy subsidies for Fiscal Years 2002-2008, reveals that the lion’s share of energy subsidies supported energy...
Consensus is growing among scientists, policy makers, and business leaders that concerted action will be needed to address rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. The discussion is now turning to the practical challenges of where and how emissions reductions can best be achieved...
The task of developing and evaluating strategies to reduce emissions of urban air pollutants and greenhouse gases is complicated. There are many ways to produce and use energy, many sources of emissions in an energy lifecycle, and several kinds of pollutants (or greenhouse gases) emitted at each...
Earth warmed by more than 0.6 degrees Celsius (ºC) over the 20th century. Past fluctuations in naturally-occurring atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have caused Earth to warm and to cool, in cycles of around 100,000 years, with the timing of these cycles largely determined by a repeating...
Global climate change is one of the most complex environmental, energy, economic, and political issues confronting the international community. Its time and geographic scales are unprecedented in their scope, touching every human activity that involves energy or land and requiring a strategy that...
This study models and assesses the current and future fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas impacts of ethanol produced from three feedstocks; corn grain, corn stover, and switchgrass. A life-cycle assessment approach with an integrated Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis is applied to each of...
To study the potential effects of increased biofuel use, we evaluated six representative analyses
of fuel ethanol. Studies that reported negative net energy incorrectly ignored coproducts and used
some obsolete data. All studies indicated that current corn ethanol technologies are much less...
The APA Task Force on the Interface Between Psychology and Global Climate Change met in 2008-2009 to examine the role of psychology in understanding and addressing global climate change, including efforts to adapt to and mitigate climate change.
The task force’s report reviews a wide range of...
We assessed the potential impacts of land-use changes resulting from a change in the
current biofuel policy on biodiversity in Europe. We evaluated the possible impact of
both arable and woody biofuel crops on changes in distribution of 313 species pertaining
to different taxonomic groups. Using...
The aspiration for producing algal biofuel is motivated by the desire to replace conventional petroleum fuels, produce fuels domestically, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although, in theory, algae have the potential to produce a large amount of petroleum fuel substitutes and capture carbon...
Sweet sorghum [SS; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a potential biofuel crop for the Great Plains. Sweet sorghum was compared
with corn [Zea mays (L.)] and grain sorghum for potential ethanol yield, energy use effi ciency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
at seven dryland site-years in Nebraska...
Despite a rapid worldwide expansion of the biofuel industry, there is a lack of consensus within the scientific community about the potential of biofuels to reduce reliance on petroleum and decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although life cycle assessment provides a means to quantify these...
Crop intensification is often thought to increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but studies in which crop management is optimized to exploit crop yield potential are rare. We conducted a field study in eastern Nebraska, USA to quantify GHG emissions, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and the...
Carbon dioxide exchange was quantified in maize–soybean agroecosystems employing year-round tower eddy covariance
flux systems and measurements of soil C stocks, CO2 fluxes from the soil surface, plant biomass, and litter decomposition.
Measurements were made in three cropping systems: (a)...
Recent legislative mandates have been enacted at state and federal levels with the purpose of reducing life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation fuels. This legislation encourages the substitution of fossil fuels with ‘low-carbon’ fuels. The burden is put on regulatory agencies...
This file contains the secondary agriculture and forest resources raw data output as referenced in the Billion-Ton Update Report for years 2012 - 2030.
This file contains the Primary Forest Resources raw data outputs as referenced in the Billion-Ton Update Report for years 2012 - 2030.
This file contains the Energy Feedstocks and Crop Residue raw data outputs as referenced in the Billion-Ton Update Report for the baseline and high-yield scenarios for years 2012 - 2030.
This file contains the Conventional crop raw data output as referenced in the Billion-Ton Update Report for the baseline and high-yield scenarios for years 2012 - 2030.
The report, Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply (generally referred to as the Billion-Ton Study or 2005 BTS), was an estimate of “potential” biomass available within the contiguous United States based on assumptions...
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays woody resources including coppice and non-coppice woody energy crops and primary forest resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) resources including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) resources including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) resources including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) resources including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) crops including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays herbaceous (non-woody) crops including energy feedstocks and crop residues for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the high-yield, 3% increase in energy crop yield growth scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2030.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2022.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
This map displays energy feedstocks, crop residues, forest resources, and secondary resources for the baseline scenario with an established energy feedstock market price of $60 in the year 2017.
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
The IPCC SRREN report addresses information needs of policymakers, the private sector and civil society on the potential of renewable energy sources for the mitigation of climate change, providing a comprehensive assessment of renewable energy technologies and related policy and financial...
Nationwide spatial dataset representing the polygon areas for first-generation suitability analysis of potentially suitable areas for microalgae open ponds. The PNNL microalgae growth model results for each site are included in the attribute table and assume growth based on theoretical limits....
Organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Microalgae are receiving increased global attention as a potential sustainable “energy crop”for biofuel production. An important step to realizing the potential of algae is quantifying the demands commercial‐scale algal biofuel production will place on water and land resources. We present a high‐...
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial grass native to the United States that has been studied as a sustainable source of biomass fuel. Although many field-scale studies have examined the potential of this grass as a bioenergy crop, these studies have not been integrated. In this study,...
As we enter the 21st century, policy-makers face complex decisions regarding options for meeting the demand for transportation fuels. There is now a broad scientific consensus that the burning of fossil fuels has been contributing to climate change,1 and the transportation sector is a major...
Organization: Center for BioEnergy Sustainability, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Indicators are needed to assess environmental sustainability of bioenergy systems. Effective indicators
will help in the quantification of benefits and costs of bioenergy options and resource uses. We identify
19 measurable indicators for soil quality, water quality and quantity, greenhouse gases,...
Adding bioenergy to the U.S. energy portfolio requires long‐term profitability for bioenergy producers and
long‐term protection of affected ecosystems. In this study, we present steps along the path toward evaluating both sides of
the sustainability equation (production and environmental) for...
A broad-scale perspective on the nexus between climate change, land use, and energy requires consideration of interactions that were often omitted from climate change studies. While prior analyses have considered how climate change affects land use and vice versa (Dale 1997), there is growing...
Organization: Center for BioEnergy Sustainability, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Country borders have been chosen as system boundaries to inventory GHG emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. The use of country boundaries is clear and allows summing over all countries. The country inventories purposefully account for where and when both fossil-fuel combustion emissions occur, and...
Organization: ORNL
Developing scientific criteria and indicators should play a critical role in charting a sustainable path for the rapidly developing biofuel industry. The challenge ahead in developing such criteria and indicators is to address the limitations on data and modeling.
A primary objective of current U.S. biofuel law – the “Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007” (EISA) – is to reduce dependence on imported oil, but the law also requires biofuels to meet carbon emission reduction thresholds relative to petroleum fuels. EISA created a renewable fuel standard...
The U.S. Department of Energy Biomass Program sponsored the Land-Use Change and Bioenergy workshop in Vonore, Tennessee, from May 11 to May 14, 2009. More than 50 experts from around the world gathered to review the state of the science, identify opportunities for collaboration, and prioritize next...
As the US begins to integrate biomass crops and residues into its mix of energy feedstocks, tools are needed to measure the long-term sustainability of these feedstocks. Two aspects of sustainability are long-term potential for profitably producing energy and protection of ecosystems influenced by...
Organization: Center for BioEnergy Sustainability, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Despite recent claims to the contrary, plant-based fuels developed in economically and environmentally sensible ways can contribute significantly to the nation’s— indeed, the world’s—energy security while providing a host of benefits for many people worldwide.
Organization: ORNL
Relationships between people and their environment are largely defined by land use. Space and soil are needed for native plants and wildlife, as well as for crops used for food, feed, fiber, wood products and biofuel (liquid fuel derived from plant material). People also use land for homes, schools...
The establishment of bioenergy crops will affect ecological processes and their interactions and thus has an influence on ecosystem services provided by the lands on which these crops are grown. The regional-scale effects of bioenergy choices on ecosystem services need special attention because...
Organization: Center for BioEnergy Sustainability, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
IN THEIR REPORTS IN THE 29 FEBRUARY ISSUE (“LAND CLEARING AND THE BIOFUEL CARBON debt,” J. Fargione et al., p. 1235, and “Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change,” T. Searchinger et al., p. 1238), the authors do not provide adequate...
Organization: ORNL
Fast growing, short-rotation tree crops provide unique opportunities to sequester carbon on phosphate-mined lands in central Florida and, if used as a biofuel, can reduce CO2emissions associated with electricity generation. Base case land expectation values (LEVs)of phosphate-mined land under...
ORNL Report ORNL/TM-2010-120.
The purpose of this study is to summarize the various barriers to more widespread distribution of biofuels through our common carrier fuel distribution system, which includes pipelines, barges and rail, fuel tankage, and distribution terminals, and with a special focus...
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2010 total population counts per county in the United States from the 2010 decennial census.
The Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP), Alpha Version consists of estimates of human population for the years 1990, 1995, and 2000 by 30 arc-second (1km) grid cells and associated datasets dated circa 2000. The data products include population count grids (raw counts), population density...
Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3) consists of estimates of human population for the years 1990, 1995, and 2000 by 2.5 arc-minute grid cells and associated datasets dated circa 2000. The data products include population count grids (raw counts), population density grids (per square...
The U.S. Census Grids provide raster data sets that include not only population and housing counts, but a wide variety of socioeconomic characteristics. These gridded data sets transform irregularly shaped census block and block group boundaries into a regular surface – a raster grid – for faster...
A new addition to the growing biofuels resources list at AgMRC is a cellulosic ethanol feasibility template developed by agricultural economists at Oklahoma State University (OSU). The purpose of the spreadsheet-based template is to give users the opportunity to assess the economics of a commercial...
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is promoting the development of ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstocks as an alternative to conventional petroleum-based transportation fuels. DOE funds both fundamental and applied research in this area and needs a method for predicting cost benefits of many...
This paper examines the impact of biofuel expansion on grain utilization and distribution at the state and cropping district level as most of grain producers and handlers are directly influenced by the local changes. We conducted a survey to understand the utilization and flows of corn, ethanol and...
This paper examines the possibilities of breaking into the cellulosic ethanol market in south Louisiana via strategic feedstock choices and the leveraging of the area’s competitive advantages. A small plant strategy is devised whereby the first-mover problem might be solved, and several scenarios...
Traffic flows in the U.S. have been affected by the substantial increase and, as of January 2009, decrease in biofuel production and use. This paper considers a framework to study the effect on grain transportation flows of the 2005 Energy Act and subsequent legislation, which mandated higher...
This paper examines the impact of declining energy prices on biofuels production and use and its implications to agricultural commodity markets. It uses PEATSim, a dynamic partial equilibrium, multi-commodity, multi-country global trade model of the agriculture sector to analyze the interaction...
The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 established specific targets for the production of biofuel in the United States. Until advanced technologies become commercially viable, meeting these targets will increase demand for traditional agricultural commodities used to produce...
Ethanol use in the U.S. rose sharply in recent years due to public policy and a spike in petroleum prices, and remains high. Public support for ethanol includes mandated minimum levels of use nationwide. However, rather little is known about consumer demand for ethanol and much less about demand by...
USDA Agricultural Projections for 2011-20, released in February 2011, provide longrun projections for the farm sector for the next 10 years. These annual projections cover agricultural commodities, agricultural trade, and aggregate indicators of the sector, such as farm income and food prices....
This paper introduces a spatial bioeconomic model for study of potential cellulosic biomass supply at regional scale. By modeling the profitability of alternative crop production practices, it captures the opportunity cost of replacing current crops by cellulosic biomass crops. The model draws upon...
Agricultural markets often feature significant transport costs and spatially distributed production and processing which causes spatial imperfect competition. Spatial economics considers the firms’ decisions regarding location and spatial price strategy separately, usually on the demand side, and...
This article addresses development of the Illinois ethanol industry through the period 2007-2022, responding to the ethanol production mandates of the Renewable Fuel Standard by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The planning for corn-based and cellulosic ethanol production requires...
PEATSim (Partial Equilibrium Agricultural Trade Simulation) is a dynamic, partial equilibrium, mathematical-based model that enables users to reach analytical solutions to problems, given a set of parameters, data, and initial
conditions. This theoretical tool developed by ERS incorporates a wide...
Energy security and environmental concerns about global climate change have lead to recent growth in the use of bio-fuels in the U.S. Brazil currently exports a substantial share of its sugarcane based ethanol to the U.S. to support the growing demand for bio-fuels. However, U.S. policies that...
Spatial Marketing Patterns for Corn Under the Condition of Increasing Ethanol Production in the U.S.
Events external to agriculture have set in motion the conditions for structural change in the marketing of corn in the U.S. These included a rapid increase in the price of crude oil from $40 per barrel to over $100 caused by hurricanes, geopolitical events, an increased global demand for energy...
In this study we use data envelopment analysis to decompose the overall economic efficiency of a sample of ethanol plants into three subcomponents: technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and a new component we call marketing efficiency. The relative importance of these sources of efficiency is...
When the lignocellulosic biofuels industry reaches maturity and many types of biomass sources become economically viable, management of multiple feedstock supplies – that vary in their yields, density (tons per unit area), harvest window, storage and seasonal costs, storage losses, transport...
In the corn ethanol industry, the ability of plants to obtain favorable prices through marketing decisions is considered important for their overall economic performance. Based on a panel of surveyed of ethanol plants we extend data envelopment analysis (DEA) to decompose the economic efficiency of...
A system of equations representing corn supply, feed demand, export demand, food, alcohol and industrial (FAI) demand, and corn price is estimated by three-stage least squares. A price dependent reduced form equation is then formed to investigate the effect of ethanol production on the national...
The purpose of this research was to determine whether indirect land use occurs and if so to what extent. Indirect land use is a change from non-cropland to cropland (e.g. deforestation) that may occur in response to increasing scarcity of cropland. As farmers worldwide respond to higher crop prices...
This database contains current and historical official USDA data on production, supply and distribution of agricultural commodities for the United States and key producing and consuming countries.
FAOSTAT provides time-series and cross sectional data relating to food and agriculture for some 200 countries.
The national version of FAOSTAT, CountrySTAT, is being developed and implemented in a number of target countries, primarily in sub-saharan Africa. It will offer a two-way data exchange...
The basic objective of this research was to estimate land use changes associated with US corn ethanol production up to the 15 billion gallon Renewable Fuel Standard level implied by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. We also used the estimated land use changes to calculate Greenhouse...
We assessed the life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts of the following three soybean-derived fuels by expanding, updating, and using Argonne National Laboratory’s Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model: (1) biodiesel produced from...
We assessed current water consumption during liquid fuel production, evaluating major steps of fuel lifecycle for five fuel pathways: bioethanol from corn, bioethanol from cellulosic feedstocks, gasoline from U.S. conventional crude obtained from onshore wells, gasoline from Saudi Arabian crude,...
This study focuses on the simulation of a complete process for producing butanol via
acetone, butanol, and ethanol corn fermentation.
Fast-growing, oil-producing species of microalgae have become the focus of attention for both biomass and biodiesel biofuels, but questions remain about scalability, economics, and the competition between large-scale microalgae cultivation and agriculture, with regard to water, fertilizer, and land...
Meeting the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) renewable fuels goals requires development
of a large sustainable domestic supply of diverse biomass feedstocks. Macroalgae, also known as
seaweed, could be a potential contributor toward this goal. This resource would be grown in marine...
Organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
NHD Basin Boundaries developed from the Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD).
The USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer (CDL) of the US for the growing seasons 1997 through 2013 are available using CropScape. Data for some states may not be available for one or more years.
The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) are used to portray surface water on The National Map. The NHD represents the drainage network with features such as rivers, streams, canals, lakes, ponds, coastline, dams, and streamgages. The WBD represents drainage...
Using System Dynamics to Model the Transition to Biofuels in the United States Preprint, B. Bush, M. Duffy, and D. Sandor, National Renewable Energy Laboratory S. Peterson, Peterson Group To be presented at the Third International Conference on Systems of Systems Engineering Monterey, California...
Understanding the Growth of the Cellulosic Ethanol Industry, D. Sandor and R. Wallace, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, S. Peterson The Peterson Group, Technical Report, NREL/TP-150-42120 April 2008
This report, generally referred to as the Billion-Ton Study or 2005 BTS, is an estimate of “potential” biomass available within the contiguous United States based on assumptions about inventory production capacity, availability, and technology.
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and...
Ethanol Industry Outlooks from past years are made available by the renewable Fuels Association. The reports include the latest trends,developments happening with regard to the ethanol industry.
This page lists data identifying trends in flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs), fuel efficiency, and how fleets are using alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs).
The link provides information on the E85 stations in Minnesota by city or county.
California traffic counts, such as vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and average annual daily (AAD) traffic data can be found here.
The link provides data and reports related to bioenergy - ethanol and biodiesel produced by Minnesota.
Daily vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by county for Colorado is available here.
The Federal Trade Commision performs a market concentration analysis of the ethanol production industry to determine whether there is sufficient competition among industry participants to avoid price-setting and other anticompetitive behaviour.The FTC must report its findings to Congress and to the...
Ethanol production doubled in a very short period of time in the U.S. due to a combination of natural disasters, political tensions, and much more demand globally from petroleum. Responses to this expansion will span many sectors of society and the economy. As the Midwest gears up to rapidly add...
This is an overview of transportation issues facing a rapidly expanding U.S. ethanol industry in the context of the U.S. corn market—currently the main source of ethanol production in the United States. The aim of the report is to present a frame of reference as the ethanol industry continues to...
This paper summarizes some of the major impacts rapid growth in the corn
based ethanol (CE) production is now having on infrastructure in the Midwestern corn
producing states and examines some of the likely infrastructure needs that might be
expected to occur as a consequence of the future...
The objective of the research here is to more carefully investigate the claims of localized
impacts on two fronts. The first is the impact a local ethanol plant has on the rate of agricultural
land conversion to other uses (if an ethanol plant increases the value of local agricultural land as
a...
Many site specific factors have been identified to influence ethanol plant location and production. These include availability of corn, water, cattle and access to a major highway. The objective of this paper is to determine whether these factors actually have influence on plant size. The rapid...
The market for E85�a fuel blend of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline�is small
but growing rapidly. I use data for E85 sales at fueling stations in Minnesota to estimate
demand for E85 as a function of retail E85 and gasoline prices. I find that demand is
highly sensitive to price changes,...
One fundamental issue influencing the economic viability of the ethanol industry is consumers' demand responsiveness to both gasoline and ethanol price changes. This paper presents an alternative approach by estimating the geographic variation of price elasticity of demand for ethanol across...
A key objective of U.S. energy policy is to increase biofuel use by highway vehicles to 36 billion gallons per year by 2022. The Energy Independence and Security Act envisions that nearly all of this target will be met by gasohol (E10) or neat ethanol (E85). Since the market for blending ethanol...
This report identify the issues associated with intermediate ethanol blends with an emphasis on the end-use or
vehicle impacts of increased ethanol levels and compile a current and complete bibliography of key references on intermediate ethanol blends.
This study is a statistical analysis to estimate the significance of factors that influence the volume of E85 sales to the general public in Minnesota from 1997 to 2006.
This paper describes the development of a set of U.S. county-based vehicle miles of travel and motor fuel use estimates and forecasts. The forecasts are short range, annual forecasts out to year 2015. A range of forecasts can be generated based on different assumptions associated with household...
This report is an update of the original version, which was published in October 2008. This updated report includes results from the complete 16-vehicle fleet (the original report included only the first 13 vehicles tested) as well as corrections to minor errors identified in some of the originally...
Limited fuel availability is a critical factor in the marketability of new fuels. A survey of us households is used to estimate the value of fuel availability and its influence on choice of fuel for a fuel-flexible vehicle and the choice of a dedicated-fuel engine for a vehicle. The marginal value...
This paper estimates household preferences for ethanol as a gasoline substitute. I develop a theoretical
model linking the shape of the ethanol demand curve to the distribution of price ratios at which individual
households switch fuels. I estimate the model using data from many retail fueling...
One of the major objectives of the current expansion in bioenergy cropping is to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions for environmental benefit. The cultivation of bioenergy and biofuel crops also affects biodiversity more directly, both positively and negatively. Ecological impact assessment...
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) originally developed this application for biopower with funding from the Environmental Protection Agency's Blue Skyways Collaborative. The Department of Energy's Office of Biomass Program provided funding for biofuels functionality. More...
Use the Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) station locator to find compressed natural gas stations across the U.S.
Use the Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) station locator to find hydrogen fuel stations across the U.S.
Use the Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) station locator to find LNG stations across the U.S.
Hydrogen Data Book - contains a wide range of factual information on hydrogen and fuel cells (e.g., hydrogen properties, hydrogen production and delivery data, and information on fuel cells and fuel cell vehicles), and it also provides other data that might be useful in analyses of hydrogen...
In 2002, the Strategic Energy Analysis Center of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed the first version of the Power Technologies Energy Data Book for the Office of Power Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
The main purpose of the data book is to compile, in...
Use the Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) station locator to find electric fuel stations across the U.S.
The 2011 Buildings Energy Data Book includes statistics on residential and commercial building energy consumption. Data tables contain statistics related to construction, building technologies, energy consumption, and building characteristics.
The Building Technologies Program within the U.S....
In January 1976, the Transportation Energy Conservation (TEC) Division of the Energy Research and Development Administration contracted with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to prepare a Transportation Energy Conservation Data Book to be used by TEC staff in their evaluation of current and...
A presentation by Bruce Heine of Magellan Midstream Partners to the 2006 Bioeconomy Conference held at Iowa State University.
A presentation by Andrea Grant of Independent Fuel Terminal Operators Association.
The Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) Station Locator identifies E-85 Fuel station locations across the country.
Search for and download detailed data on fueling stations for several different types of alternative fuels.
Governments worldwide are promoting the development of biofuels in order to mitigate the climate impact of using fuels. In this article, I discuss the impacts of biofuels on climate change, water use, and land use. I discuss the overall metric by which these impacts have been measured and then...
The aim of this study is to show the impact of different assumptions and methodological choices on the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) performance of biofuels by providing the results for different key parameters on a consistent basis. These include co-products allocation or system expansion, N2O...
Soaring global food prices are threatening to push more poor people back below the poverty line; this will probably become aggravated by the serious challenge that increasing population and climate changes are posing for food security. There is growing evidence that human activities involving...
The purpose of this study is to analyse the economical and environmental performance of switchgrass and miscanthus production and supply chains in the European Union (EU25), for the years 2004 and 2030. The environmental performance refers to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the primary fossil...
Interest in liquid biofuels production and use has increased worldwide as part of government policies to address the growing scarcity and riskiness of petroleum use, and, at least in theory, to help mitigate adverse global climate change. The existing biofuels markets are dominated by U.S. ethanol...
Transgenic modification of plants is a key enabling technology for developing sustainable biofeedstocks for biofuels production. Regulatory decisions and the wider acceptance and development of transgenic biofeedstock crops are considered from the context of science-based risk assessment. The risk...
This study quantifies the impact of increasing ethanol production on wholesale/retail gasoline prices employing pooled regional time-series data from January 1995 to March 2008. We find that the growth in ethanol production kept wholesale gasoline prices $0.14/gallon lower than would otherwise have...
The important key technologies required for the successful biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol have been extensively reviewed. The biological process of ethanol fuel production utilizing lignocellulose as substrate requires: (1) delignification to liberate cellulose and...
In the last decade biofuel production has been driven by governmental policies. This article reviews the national strategy plans of the world’s leading producers. Particular attention is dedicated to blending targets, support schemes and feedstock use. Individual country profiles are grouped by...
Production costs of bio-ethanol from sugarcane in Brazil have declined continuously over the last three decades. The aims of this study are to determine underlying reasons behind these cost reductions, and to assess whether the experience curve concept can be used to describe the development of...
A key aspect in modeling the (future) competition between biofuels is the way in which production cost developments are computed. The objective of this study was threefold: (i) to construct a (endogenous) relation between cost development and cumulative production (ii) to implement technological...
A dry-grind ethanol from corn process analysis is performed. After defining a complete model of the process, a pinch technology analysis is carried out to optimise energy and water demands. The so-defined base case is then discussed in terms of production costs and process profitability. A detailed...
Since the mid-1990s there has been a growing worldwide interest in alternative transport fuels, of which ethanol is among the most promising options. This interest has in recent years gathered pace, stimulated by high oil prices and the generally perceived view that this trend is likely to...
This paper describes a preliminary analysis of two technological routes (based on hydrolysis and on gasification + Fischer–Tropsch conversion process) of biofuels production from cellulosic materials. In this paper it was considered the integration of the two alternative routes to a conventional...
Production of ethanol from agriculutural and forestry residues, municipal solid waste, energy crops, and other forms of lignocellulosic biomass could improve energy security, reduce trade deficits, decrease urban air pollution, and contribute little, if any, net carbon dioxide accumulation to the...
The state of the art of hydrolysis-fermentation technologies to produce ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, as well as developing technologies, is evaluated. Promising conversion concepts for the short-, middle- and long-term are defined. Their technical performance was analysed, and results...
The US is currently the world's largest ethanol producer. An increasing percentage is used as transportation fuel, but debates continue on its costs competitiveness and energy balance. In this study, technological development of ethanol production and resulting cost reductions are investigated...
The present study is a review of published investigations regarding the economy of ethanol production from lignocellulosic material. The objective is to present relations between and tendencies observed in different cost estimates. The influence of plant capacity and overall product yield on the...
In this article the environmental and socio-economical impacts of the production of ethanol from sugarcane in the state of São Paulo (Brazil) are evaluated. Subsequently, an attempt is made to determine to what extent these impacts are a bottleneck for a sustainable and certified ethanol production...